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The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs that express CD73, CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and CD90 were cultured in triplicate (1× 10 5/well) in osteogenic medium with T3 (1, 10, 10 3 or 10 5 pM) or without T3 (control) for 7, 14 and 21 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity, conversion of MTT into formazan crystals, collagen synthesis, collagen maturation, the number of mineralized nodules and their diameters were all determined, and the means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. A dose of 10 5 pM T3 resulted in a negative effect on MSC osteogenic differentiation, with less collagen synthesis. The 1 pM T3 dose resulted in greater collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity and more mineralized nodules than in the …