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Bioactive glass/polymer composites are promising materials for bone tissue engineering. The present research group has developed porous hybrid scaffolds comprised of 50% polyvinyl alcohol/50% bioactive glass with a 70% SiO 2–30% CaO composition. Prior studies have also shown the adequate structural and mechanical behavior of these scaffolds. As such, the present study investigates the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of the scaffold, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the bone marrow of female rats. MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion and Von Kossa staining were conducted to evaluate the differentiation ability of MSC in an osteogenic medium. The in vitro results indicate an increase in both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation when the hybrid material is present. Von Kossa staining showed a progressive increase in mineralization nodules, coupled with time …