View article

Results

This work brought to the identification of the main features of the research stream related to SEs and migrants’ integration. In particular, three kinds of boundary conditions emerged, which are detailed below: i. Different kinds of Social Enterprise. The first aspect that emerged is the existence of two different kinds of SE when it comes to migrants’ integration:(i) Social Enterprises created for migrants/refugees by local social entrepreneurs that want to provide means for integration, usually through employment; and (ii) Social Enterprises created by migrants/refugees, who want to generate an impact in their home or host country. The sample is almost equally split between these two categories, with the 51% relating to SE for migrants/refugees; 39% relating to SE by migrants/refugees; and the remaining 9% referring to both ii. Different targets. Another important distinction that emerged as relevant for this field of research is the specific target to which the action of the SE is directed. In fact, SEs display different integration objectives and tools according to different categories of actors, namely migrants or refugees. Whereas international migrants include persons moving away from their place of usual residence,“across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons”(IOM, 2019; p. 132), refugees are those ones who “owing to a well‐founded fear of persecution (…) is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling (…) return to it”(IOM, 2019; p. 171). Such distinction is relevant in defining the needs of the target beneficiaries and thus how to promote their integration in the host …