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The seismic performance of moment-resisting frames consisting of steel–concrete composite beams with full and partial shear connection is investigated. To this end, six full scale composite substructures with headed stud shear connectors have been tested and the corresponding inelastic response to both monotonic and variable reversed displacements have been investigated. Three-dimensional finite element models of the substructures set with the ABAQUS code and based on shell elements are established in order to evaluate different modelling assumptions and local effects; and to calibrate a one-dimensional model conceived with the Drain-3DX code relying on layered beam–column elements. The one-dimensional model is then exploited for a parametric study on two four-storey frames by means of non-linear dynamic analyses. The analyses have revealed that composite frames with a low shear …