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Abstract β-Casein (β-CN) is the second most abundant protein in cow's milk that contains 209 amino acids. Among the twelve β-CN variants identified A1 and A2 are the common types and others are very rare. A1 variant has histidine at position 67 of the amino acid sequence while A2 possess proline at this position-this polymorphism has attracted much public health attention, since consumption of A1 milk is reported to cause various illness. The high producing Bos taurus cattle are found to possess more A1 allele. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between β-CN A1/A2 polymorphism with milk yield in Vechur, Kasargode and Crossbred cattle. The average daily milk yield was 1.27±0.05 kg in Vechur cattle and the peak yield of crossbred cattle was 10.71±1.046 kg. The average daily milk yield for A1A2 genotype in Vechur cattle was 1.52±0.08 kg and 1.14±0.04 kg for A2A2 genotype and …