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(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Townsend and Townsend and Crew LLP (57) ABSTRACT The present invention provides a vaccine for inducing an immune response in mammal to a specific antigen, where the vaccine comprises a unit dose of a binary, cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccine comprising an anthrax protective anti gen and a full length protein antigen bound to a nontoxic anthrax protective antigen binding protein comprising at least about the first 250 amino acid residues of the lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis and less than all of the amino acid residues of the lethal factor. The present invention also provides a method of immunizing a mammal against an antigen using the vaccine, and a method of inducing antigen presenting mammalian cells to present Specific antigens via the MHC class I processing pathway.