Authors
Olga Braga, George A Smythe, Andrea I Schäfer, Andrew J Feitz
Publication date
2005/5/1
Journal
Environmental Science & Technology
Volume
39
Issue
9
Pages
3351-3358
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Description
A comparison of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) removal at a coastal enhanced primary and inland advanced sewage treatment plant (STP) is reported. The average concentration of estrogens in the raw sewage is similar to that reported in other studies. The sequential batch reactor at the advanced STP removed on average 85% of the incoming E1 and 96% of the E2. Further removal was observed during later microfiltration with the estrogen concentration below detection (<0.1 ng·L-1) after reverse osmosis. Some 6% of the influent E1+E2 was removed in the waste activated sludge. The detection of EE2 in the waste activated sludge (0.42 ng·g-1 solids dry weight), undetectable in the raw sewage, suggests that EE2 is resistant to biological treatment in the sequential batch reactor and is primarily removed due to sorption. Little estrogen removal was observed at the enhanced …
Total citations
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Scholar articles
O Braga, GA Smythe, AI Schäfer, AJ Feitz - Environmental Science & Technology, 2005