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Objective: To describe and compare healthcare costs and utilization for persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and those without diabetes.

Methods: Using a nationally representative healthcare claims database, we identified matched persons with T1D, T2D, and those without diabetes using a propensity score quasi-randomization technique. In each year between 2009-2018, we summed costs (total and out-of-pocket) and utilization for all healthcare services and those specific to medications, diabetes-related supplies, visits to healthcare providers, hospitalizations, and emergency room (ER) visits. Costs and utilization were scaled using total patient follow-up in each year.

Results: In 2018, we found that out-of-pocket costs and total costs were highest for persons with T1D (out-of-pocket: $950, total: $10,626), followed by persons with T2D (out-of-pocket: $670, total: $7,516), and persons without …