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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare promises safer, more efficient, and more personalised care. Typical applications of such systems include personalised diagnosis, early disease detection, hospitalisation risk prediction, and drug discovery. These technologies process vast amounts of data, can learn from experience, and are capable of autonomously improving their performance. This also challenges the applicability of existing regulations that were not designed for progressive and adaptive aspects of AI. The automated processing of data that will evaluate, analyse, and predict health-related outcomes may also affect not only data protection regulations but also safety and other aspects of the individual’s environment. This chapter explores the challenges to existing legal frameworks brought about by the potential uptake and integration of several AI-based technologies in healthcare. Specifically, we look at AI-driven analytic tools for precision medicine, assistive technologies that adapt and facilitate rehabilitation and recovery, and various types of decision aids that may assist in critical processes such as diagnosis and screening. Although, in reality, the use of these technologies may not be limited to a single context, this approach allows