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Interaction with computers should be tailored to individual requirements. Computer systems should be responsive and adaptive to the changing needs of their users. This chapter discusses the requirements for such adaptivity and differentiates customisation and adaptive systems. Provision of adaptive functionality is dependent on a suitable model of the user - an Embedded User Model, held by the computer system itself. The details of Embedded User Models are described, together with a scheme for integrating both user and interaction models into a general system architecture.