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We consider the significant work in both the humancomputer interaction and artificial intelligence fields in the area of intelligent interfaces, placing into a structure the disparate strands of research work. We treat design and implementation issues, covering the relationship between user interface management systems (UIMS) architectures and interface design, and providing schematic architectures for building intelligent systems. We discuss such work in its historical context and suggest that UIMS architectures be used as a basis for constructing intelligent interfaces.