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To evaluate the current status of arsenic exposure in the Mekong River basin of Cambodia, field interview along with urine sample collection was conducted in the arsenic-affected area of Kandal Province, Cambodia. Urine samples were analyzed for total arsenic concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As a result, arsenicosis patients (n = 127) had As in urine (UAs) ranging from 3.76 to 373 µg L⁻¹ (mean = 78.7 ± 69.8 µg L⁻¹; median = 60.2 µg L⁻¹). Asymptomatic villagers (n = 108) had UAs ranging from 5.93 to 312 µg L⁻¹ (mean = 73.0 ± 52.2 µg L⁻¹; median = 60.5 µg L⁻¹). About 24.7 % of all participants had UAs greater than 100 µg L⁻¹ which indicated a recent arsenic exposure. A survey found that females and adults were more likely to be diagnosed with skin sign of arsenicosis than males and children, respectively. Education level, age, gender, groundwater drinking period …