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The theory of social determinants of health (SDH) posits that the health of people and communities is affected by social and economic factors (ie, economic stability, education, neighborhood and built environment, health and health care, and social and community context). These interrelated constructs may negatively affect minority patients’ ability to participate in cancer research. Understanding SDH can help nurse researchers assess and address barriers to research participation, as well as design trials to improve minority patients’ cancer-related health.