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To independently test the hypothesis proposed by Miller et al.(2012) that volcanism, solar irradiance, sea ice variability, and changes in regional atmospheric and paleoceanographic circulation are collectively the dominant primary controls on glacial responses in the eastern Canadian Arctic, we collected relict organic material along coldbased ice caps in a different region of Baffin Island (Cumberland Peninsula, Fig. 2.1). The new subfossil flora and fauna radiocarbon chronologies document the time of ice expansion from margins that were at least as retracted as they are today. Subfossilized, weakly rooted bryophytes are rapidly comminuted by winds and precipitation once uncovered by the receding ice margin. Therefore mosses are unlikely to be reworked. Unlike moraines which mark times of glacial maxima or retreat, recently exhumed