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The World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for the ‘24-h movement behaviours’1 (physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) including screen time, and sleep) in the under-5s were published in April 2019 (Supplementary Figure S1). 2 The guidelines were developed as a response to the childhood obesity pandemic, 2 to help ensure that under-5s have healthy levels of PA, screen time, and sleep. Evidence review and synthesis showed that these behaviours influenced a wide range of other outcomes, with substantial shortterm and long-term consequences (eg, cognitive, social and emotional development; language development; cardiometabolic health; bone and skeletal health; motor development; physical fitness; growth; and wellbeing). 2 Five years later, it is now appropriate to test whether key actions in response to these guidelines were taken across Europe, and to consider ways of increasing the …