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Model-based mutation testing (MBMT) is a promising testing methodology that relies on a model of the system under test (SUT) to create test cases. Hence, MBMT is a so-called black-box testing approach. It also is fault based, as it creates test cases that are guaranteed to reveal certain faults: after inserting a fault into the model of the SUT, it looks for a test case revealing this fault. This turns MBMT into one of the most powerful and versatile test case generation approaches available as its tests are able to demonstrate the absence of certain faults, can achieve both, control-flow and data-flow coverage of model elements, and also may include information about the behaviour in the failure case. The latter becomes handy whenever the test execution framework is bound in the number of observations it can make and - as a consequence - has to restrict them. However, this versatility comes at a price: MBMT is …