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As a specific forest community in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, mangrove has unique ecological functions and great social and economic value. Accurate mangrove mapping is important to the protection and restoration of mangrove ecosystem. Traditional classification methods rely on a large number of samples and complex classifiers, which are unsuitable for the large-scale extraction of mangroves because of low computational efficiency and poor generalization ability. This study proposes an Enhanced Mangrove Vegetation Index (EMVI) based on hyperspectral images. This index enhances the difference in greenness and canopy moisture content between mangroves and other vegetation using a green band and two shortwave-infrared bands in the form (Green-SWIR2)/(SWIR1-Green). Six typical mangrove areas (i.e., Qinglan Harbor in Hainan, Zhenzhu Harbor–Fangcheng Harbor in Guangxi …