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Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance as an attractive fuel due to the depleting fossil fuel resources. Chemically biodiesel is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stock like vegetable oils and animal fats. This paper reports the results of experimental investigations on the influence of the addition of cerium oxide in the nanoparticle form on the rheological properties and the performance of biodiesel extracted from jatropha oil through trans-esterified process. The crude castor oil was purified, trans-eterified and nanoparticles were dispersed in the trans-eterified oil with concentration ranging from 0.25% to 1.0% in 0.25% interval. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to examine the structures of the samples, The viscosity, pour point and the flash point were studied. It was found out among other things that small amount of 0.5% of CeO2 nanoparticles in the oil could improve the physical properties of the fluid. It could be concluded that the optimum amount of CeO2 nanoparticles to be used for nanofliud is 0.5%. Hence, the trans-esterified jatropha containing 0.5% CeO2 nano particles has the potential to used as a lubricant oil.