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The availability of affordable and reliable power supply fosters social and economic growth and raises the standard of living. In most developing nations, there is a considerable gap between energy supply and demand, often resulting in load shedding and blackouts. Integrating two or more renewable power sources is a potential solution for the inconsistent nature of renewable energy, thereby supplying clean and sustainable electricity. However, proper component sizing and operation planning for different system components are necessary for a reliable and cost-effective system. This paper compares the performance of three widely used optimisation techniques (Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO)) in determining the size of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) with the lowest levelised cost of energy (LCOE) to meet the energy needs of a dairy farm in …