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Many studies on the integration optimization of production scheduling and preventive maintenance usually only consider one resource, i.e., machine. However, in real-world manufacturing, multiple dependent resources (e.g., human, tools and machines) are needed at the same time to avoid mismatch of multi-resource usage, which makes it highly important to jointly schedule production and maintenance tasks of multiple resources in order to improve system availability and system throughput simultaneously. In this paper, a multi-objective parallel machine scheduling problem with two kinds of resources (machines and moulds) and with flexible preventive maintenance activities on resources are investigated. The objective is to simultaneously minimize the makespan for the production aspect, the unavailability of the machine system, and the unavailability of the mould system for the maintenance aspect. A multi …