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• Over the past 30+ years, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study has provided increasingly precise and detailed estimates of disease frequency and burden.• In GBD2021, these estimates include chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden and the level of exposure and burden of the accompanying risk factor kidney dysfunction.• The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study employs sophisticated models that metaanalyze the available data, ensuring the generation of consistent and reliable estimates of disease across nations.