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In this study, spinel magnesium cobalt ferrite (Co_xMg_1−xFe₂O₄: x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by modified sol-gel combustion method. Magnesium nitrate, cobalt nitrate and iron nitrate were used as the source of divalent (Mg²⁺ and Co²⁺) and trivalent (Fe³⁺) cations, respectively and urea were used as the reducing (fuel) agent. The effects of cobalt ions on morphology, structural, optical, magnetic and photo-catalytic properties of spinel Co_xMg_1−xFe₂O₄ nanocomposites were investigated. Various characterization methods, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and photo-catalytic degradation (PCD) activity were used to …