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In this paper, we propose a methodology for the evaluation of tax reforms through the design of counterfactual scenarios using Euromod. For this purpose, we develop two theorical model decompositions to explain the differences in tax revenue collection and the redistributive impact. We provide empirical evidence by designing a tax reform in Spain based on the French personal income tax. The approach can explain the isolated causes of differences based on the contribution of the tax system design and the income distribution. This result could help determining whether policy recommendations should focus on pre-distribution or redistribution.