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Outdoor air pollution, as a group of environmental neurotoxin, may affect cellular and molecular events in the brain via various biological pathways. Exercise enhances neural plasticity and improves cognition partially through its effects on cardiorespiratory fitness. Whether enhanced fitness benefits the brain also when exercise is performed in polluted air is poorly understood. Therefore we aimed to investigate the interactions between neurocognitive correlates, air pollution and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data from the Czech Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study-Programme 4 was used. The sample for this presentation included 427 participants aged 40-65yrs living in either an area with historically high air pollution or in an area with no or low air pollution (control region). All participants were non-smokers. We used the following neurocognitive markers: cognitive score (z-scores of memory and executive …