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We demonstrate here the possibility of identifying proteins trapped in few milligrams of the clay matrix of a 1200−1400 AD Iñupiat potsherd fragment from Point Barrow, Alaska, by a dedicated proteomics approach. The four main steps of a proteomics analysis, (i) protein extraction from biological samples, (ii) protein hydrolysis using a hydrolase enzyme, (iii) nanoLC, nanoESI MS, and MS/MS analysis of the generated peptides, and (iv) protein identification using protein databank proceeded from genomic data, have been optimized for archeological remains. Briefly our procedure starts by grinding the potsherds, extraction with 1% trifluoroacetic acid, digestion with excess of trypsin, nanoLC, nanoESI FT-ICR analysis, and data mining by homology search. The developed conditions were evaluated on protein extracts from remains obtained by heated muscle tissues and blubbers of different seal and whale species …