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Considering the socioeconomic prominence of long-span cable-stayed bridges, it is important to ensure their normal operation after strong earthquake events. To this end, their seismic performance must be based on a proper understanding of the relationship between structural capacity and seismic demand. However, evaluating the seismic demands on cable-stayed bridges is challenging due to relatively long distances between supports and the complex composition of various structural elements. The large dimension in the horizontal direction inevitably leads to incoherent input ground motions at supports, while various structural components such as cables, decks, and pylons make it difficult to define the system’s performance limit-state or capacity using a single index or function. This work presents three main contributions to properly assess the seismic performance of a long-span cable-stayed bridge. First, an …