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We have attempted to evaluate some of the tracer methodologies involved in studying lipid metabolism in humans. The magnitude of this subject prohibits a comprehensive review of all areas. Since the major function of adipose tissue appears to be to supply the body with energy, we have particularly emphasized the approaches used to study the mobilization and oxidation of fat. The importance of these issues, as well as the increasing availability of non-radioactive tracers, suggest an optimistic future for this area of research.