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Fifty seven percent of the 138 cultivated plant species present in Amazonia at contact probably originated in the Amazon Basin and another 27% originated in lowland northern South America. The relationship between probable indigenous human population density and resultant agricultural intensification and crop diversity is used to propose the existence of a mosaic of crop genetic resource concentrations in Amazonia at contact, including two centers of diversity, four outlying minor centers, and five regions of diversity. This methodology is extrapolated to present a synthesis of South American crop genetic biogeography at contact. /// Cinquenta e sete por cento das 138 espécies cultivadas na Amazônia no momento do contato provavelmente originaram na bacia amazônica e mais 27% originaram nas terras baixas do norte de América do Sul. A relação entre a densidade populacional indígena hipotética …