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Previous work in non‐resistance‐trained individuals has found that an increase in muscle size has no additive effect on changes in strength. However, it is thought that muscle growth is of increased importance for resistance‐trained individuals.

Experiment 1: To examine changes in muscle thickness (MT) and one repetition maximum (1RM) strength following 8 weeks of bi‐weekly 1RM practice or traditional training. Experiment 2: To determine whether increasing muscle size increases strength potential when followed by 4 weeks of 1RM training.

Participants performed biceps curls for 8 weeks (Experiment 1). One arm performed 4 sets of as many repetitions as possible with approximately 70% of 1RM (TRAD), and the other arm performed a single 1RM. For experiment 2, both arms trained for muscle size and strength.

Experiment 1 (n = 25): for MT, the posterior probabilities …