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A review is presented on the resonance Raman spectra from one isolated single wall carbon nanotube. The reasons why it is possible to observe the spectrum from only one nanotube are given and the important structural information that is provided by single nanotube spectroscopy is discussed. Emphasis is given to the new physics revealed by the various phonon features found in the single nanotube spectra and their connection to spectra observed for single wall nanotube bundles. The implications of this work on single wall carbon nanotube research generally are also indicated.