Authors
Silvia Adrián-Martínez, M Ageron, S Aiello, A Albert, Fabrizio Ameli, EG Anassontzis, Michel André, G Androulakis, M Anghinolfi, G Anton, M Ardid, T Avgitas, G Barbarino, E Barbarito, B Baret, J Barrios-Martí, A Belias, E Berbee, A Van Den Berg, V Bertin, S Beurthey, V Van Beveren, N Beverini, S Biagi, Andrea Biagioni, M Billault, Massimo Bondi, R Bormuth, B Bouhadef, G Bourlis, S Bourret, C Boutonnet, M Bouwhuis, Cristiano Bozza, R Bruijn, J Brunner, E Buis, R Buompane, J Busto, G Cacopardo, L Caillat, M Calamai, D Calvo, Antonio Capone, L Caramete, Stefano Cecchini, Silvia Celli, C Champion, S Cherubini, V Chiarella, L Chiarelli, Tommaso Chiarusi, M Circella, L Classen, D Cobas, R Cocimano, JAB Coelho, A Coleiro, S Colonges, R Coniglione, M Cordelli, A Cosquer, P Coyle, A Creusot, G Cuttone, C d'Amato, A d'Amico, Antonio D'Onofrio, Giulia De Bonis, Chiara De Sio, Francesco Di Capua, Irene Di Palma, C Distefano, C Donzaud, D Dornic, Q Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E Drakopoulou, D Drouhin, M Durocher, T Eberl, S Eichie, D Van Eijk, I El Bojaddaini, D Elsaesser, A Enzenhöfer, Matteo Favaro, Paolo Fermani, G Ferrara, G Frascadore, M Furini, LUIGI ANTONIO Fusco, T Gal, S Galatà, F Garufi, P Gay, M Gebyehu, F Giacomini, Lucio Gialanella, V Giordano, N Gizani, R Gracia, K Graf, T Grégoire, Giuseppe Grella, A Grmek, M Guerzoni, R Habel, S Hallmann, H Van Haren, S Harissopulos, T Heid, A Heijboer, E Heine, S Henry, JJ Hernández-Rey, M Hevinga, J Hofestädt, CMF Hugon, G Illuminati, CW James, P Jansweijer, M Jongen, M De Jong, M Kadler, O Kalekin, A Kappes, UF Katz, P Keller, G Kieft, D Kießling, EN Koffeman, P Kooijman, A Kouchner, M Kreter, V Kulikovskiy, R Lahmann, P Lamare, A Leisos, E Leonora, M Lindsey Clark, A Liolios, CD Llorens Alvarez, D Lo Presti, H Löhner, A Lonardo, M Lotze, S Loucatos, E Maccioni, K Mannheim, Matteo Manzali
Publication date
2016/12/19
Journal
Journal of Instrumentation
Volume
11
Issue
12
Pages
P12014
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Description
The stability of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is strongly influenced by electric fields. In particular, electric fields generated in the glass envelope or close surroundings of the PMT are often responsible for erratic and unstable behaviour. PMTs can be operated with a positive or a negative high voltage. The use of positive high voltage implies that the cathode is at ground potential. In this case, in order to have no field gradient and good performance it is sufficient to keep the glass case of the PMT and the material in contact with ground potential. Therefore, positive high voltage is usually the preferred mode of PMT operation [1, 2]. However, for applications with the anode directly coupled to an external circuit, the use of negative high voltage is convenient. In this case, optimal and stable performance can be obtained provided that precautions are taken to eliminate electric fields in the vicinity of the PMT. Several solutions …
Scholar articles
S Adrián-Martínez, M Ageron, S Aiello, A Albert… - Journal of Instrumentation, 2016