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METHODS

Description of apparatus. A bottomless Plexiglas metabolism chamber (9.5 x 32.5 x 11.5 cm)(Fig. 1, B) was designed to fit into one stall of a Quinton rodent treadmill (model 42-15). Electrified prods (Fig. 1, BI) protrude 4.5 cm into the rear of the chamber, with variable voltage provided from the shocking powerstat of the treadmill. The chamber has a double ceiling, with a g-mm space separating the two. The lower ceiling (Fig. 1, B2) has 64 evenly spaced 3mm holes and acts as a manifold. Tygon tubing is attached to the air outlet (Fig. 1, B3). Transversely mounted bars are placed across the top of the chamber, so that the chamber’s weight is supported on adjacent treadmill stalls. Beltchamber clearance is approximately 2 mm at the front, and the bottom edges of the chamber are in contact with the belt along the sides and back. This allows for entrance of ambient air into the chamber and a unidirectional …