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This chapter focuses on the dimension of conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is a product of the superego that develops from resolving conflict, between childhood sexuality and parentally guided forces of socialization. Conscientiousness begins in the process of resolving conflicts with authority. The conscientiousness dimension led the personality assessment revival in applied psychology because: (1) lack of conscientiousness is a major problem in the workplace. Conscientious employees are good organizational citizens. Delinquent employees are non productive and erode the economic health of an organization. (2) Empirical findings support the validity of conscientiousness measures for predicting counterproductive behavior and job performance. Some personality measures that were developed to predict organizational delinquency criteria are widely used. Conscientiousness is part of …