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Cancer is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The incidence of physical inactivity is gradually increasing, reaching alarmingly high levels. Several review articles have summarized the potential beneficial effects of exercise in several aspects of the lifestyles of patients with cancer. However, only a few outdated review articles have focused on the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of exercise. In view of the above considerations, the aim of this review study is to highlight the interrelationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis, evaluating the most well-established molecular mechanisms of exercise against cancer development and progression. This review study aims to provide convincing evidence that exercise may be a complementary part of the medical treatment of cancer patients, underlining the most important anti-cancer molecular mechanisms, which may contribute to cancer prevention and co-treatment.

Background: Cancer cases are continuously increasing, while the prevalence rates of physical inactivity are also continuously increasing. Physical inactivity is a causative factor in non-communicable diseases, including cancer. However, the potential beneficial effects of exercise on cancer treatment have not received much attention so far. The aim of this study was to highlight the relationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis. Methods: Comprehensive and in-depth research was conducted in the most accurate scientific databases by using relevant and effective keywords. Results: The mechanisms by which exercise may reduce …