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Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) plays an indispensable role in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia and HIF‐1 are involved in multiple aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. In innate and adaptive immune systems, malignant tumor cells avoid their recognition and destruction by HIF‐1. Tumor immune evasion allows cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize and is associated with immunotherapy failure and chemoresistance. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, HIF‐1 signaling suppresses the innate and adaptive immune systems to evade immune attack by inducing the expression of immunosuppressive factors and immune checkpoint molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin E₂, and programmed death‐ligand 1/programmed death‐1. Moreover, HIF‐1 blocks tumor‐associated antigen presentation via major …