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The influence of an exercise training program and age on inflammatory cytokine production and CD14+cell-surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was examined in 60 younger and older subjects. Subjects were assigned to: young physically active (YPA, n=15; 25.2±5.0 years), young physically inactive (YPI, n=14; 24.9±4.7 years), older physically active (OPA, n=14; 71.2±4.4 years) or older physically inactive (OPI, n=17; 71.0±4.3 years) groups. YPI and OPI completed 12 weeks (3days/week) of endurance (20min) and resistance exercise (eight exercises, two sets). YPA and OPA groups were instructed to continue their normal activity for 12 weeks. Blood was collected at rest, before and after the 12-week training and control period. A whole blood method was used to determine lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) and peptidoglycan-(PGN) stimulated IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production …