Authors
Rob Ter Horst, Martin Jaeger, Sanne P Smeekens, Marije Oosting, Morris A Swertz, Yang Li, Vinod Kumar, Dimitri A Diavatopoulos, Anne FM Jansen, Heidi Lemmers, Helga Toenhake-Dijkstra, Antonius E van Herwaarden, Matthijs Janssen, Renate G van der Molen, Irma Joosten, Fred CGJ Sweep, Johannes W Smit, Romana T Netea-Maier, Mieke MJF Koenders, Ramnik J Xavier, Jos WM van der Meer, Charles A Dinarello, Norman Pavelka, Cisca Wijmenga, Richard A Notebaart, Leo AB Joosten, Mihai G Netea
Publication date
2016/11/3
Journal
Cell
Volume
167
Issue
4
Pages
1111-1124. e13
Publisher
Elsevier
Description
Differences in susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases are determined by variability in immune responses. In three studies within the Human Functional Genomics Project, we assessed the effect of environmental and non-genetic host factors of the genetic make-up of the host and of the intestinal microbiome on the cytokine responses in humans. We analyzed the association of these factors with circulating mediators and with six cytokines after stimulation with 19 bacterial, fungal, viral, and non-microbial metabolic stimuli in 534 healthy subjects. In this first study, we show a strong impact of non-genetic host factors (e.g., age and gender) on cytokine production and circulating mediators. Additionally, annual seasonality is found to be an important environmental factor influencing cytokine production. Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations partially mediate the seasonality of cytokine responses, whereas the effect of …
Scholar articles
R Ter Horst, M Jaeger, SP Smeekens, M Oosting… - Cell, 2016