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Ostracism – being intentionally excluded – is painful, and when experienced vicariously, it elicits self-reported and neural responses correlated with compassion. This study examines event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to vicarious ostracism in a computer-simulated ball-toss game, called Cyberball. Participants observed three ostensible players at other universities play two rounds of Cyberball; in the first round all players were included, but in the second round, one player was ostracized. After the game, participants reported their compassion and wrote e-mails to the ostracism victims and perpetrators, coded for prosociality and harm. Condition differences in exclusion versus inclusion throws emerged in a frontal negative-going peak between 108 and 230 ms, and in a posterior long-latency positive-going deflection between 548 and 900 ms. It is believed that the former reflects the feedback error-related …