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The demand for thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes with superior permeance and high rejection is gradually increasing for seawater desalination and brackish water softening. However, improving the membrane permeance remains a great challenge due to the formation of excrescent polyamide in the substrate pores and thick polyamide film. Herein, we fabricated a high-performance TFC nanofiltration membrane via a classical interfacial polymerization reaction on a two-dimensional lamellar layer of transition-metal carbides (MXene). The MXene layer promoted the absorption of the reactive monomer, and higher amine monomer concentration facilitated the self-sealing and self-termination of interfacial polymerization to generate a thinner outer polyamide film from 68 to 20 nm. The almost nonporous lamellar interface inhibited the formation of inner polyamide in the substrate pores. In addition, the …