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A high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane with simultaneously improved desalination and antifouling properties while maintaining regeneration ability is highly desirable in water treatment. Surface modification is an effective approach to enhance the performance of NF membranes. In the present study, a multifunctional thin-film composite NF membrane (Fe–TFC) was fabricated via coating a regenerable ferric ion–tannic acid (Fe^III–TA) layer on the nascent polyamide membrane surface. The Fe–TFC membrane exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity, smaller pore size, and lower negative charge compared with the control membrane. The salt rejections and selectivity of divalent to monovalent ions were greatly improved with only a slight decrease in water permeability due to the presence of the coating layer. Meanwhile, dynamic fouling tests with humic acid demonstrated that the Fe–TFC membrane possessed …