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In this paper we analyse how interactions between governing bodies influence Dutch energy regions’ capacity to govern the energy transition. We develop an analytical framework which draws on, and merges, two different theoretical perspectives: multi-level governance and capacities for transformative climate governance. We apply this framework in an exploratory case study of the Dutch energy regions Holland Rijnland and Noordoost Brabant. Results are primarily derived using a set of interviews and desk study. Aided by the framework, we find that, while the Regional Energy Strategy (RES) arrangement is clearly geared towards facilitating orchestration through coordination and exchange of ideas and standpoints, the current governance approach, is hindered by unclear and ambiguous roles and responsibilities, a referral back to and dependence on traditional hierarchical structures, and high transaction …