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Through estimations of above- and below-ground standing biomass, annual biomass increment, fine root production and turnover, litterfall, canopy respiration and total soil CO₂ efflux, a carbon balance on seasonal and yearly time-scales is developed for a Eucalypt open-forest savanna in northern Australia. This carbon balance is compared to estimates of carbon fluxes derived from eddy covariance measurements conducted at the same site. The total carbon (C) stock of the savanna was 204±53 ton C ha⁻¹, with approximately 84% below-ground and 16% above-ground. Soil organic carbon content (0−1 m) was 151±33 ton C ha⁻¹, accounting for about 74% of the total carbon content in the ecosystem. Vegetation biomass was 53±20 ton C ha⁻¹, 39% of which was found in the root component and 61% in above-ground components (trees, shrubs, grasses). Annual gross primary production was 20.8 ton C …