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The investigation presented in this work was accomplished under the auspices of the United States Public Health Service, and financed by a contract (No. UPSC 8-l6) provided by the Health Program Center Division of Indian Health, Tucson, Arizona. The purpose of the study was to develop and categorize cog nitive information which would be of assistance to Public Health personnel in interacting with the Papagos and to facilitate increased Anglo understanding of Papago health concepts, and factors which might contribute to them. The data presented here was gathered from both in depth interviews with medicine men and survey interviews with lay individuals. This permitted an evaluation of the Papago concepts of health and the extent to which these affect decisions Papagos make in seeking medical aid and the type of aid they are likely to seek. I wish to express my deep appreciation to all those who par ticipated in the study and were willing to take the time to express their thoughts with respect to the questions asked of them. Special appreciation goes to my interpreters, Mr. Enos Francisco and Mrs. Juanita Ortega. Without their help and support this project could not have been done.