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This chapter will provide an overview of statistical modeling to further the measurement of student engagement. After a discussion of the complexity of defining and therefore measuring engagement, a general introduction and guide to the construction of productive measures of engagement will be provided. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory will be elaborated and used to highlight modern methods of evaluating and scoring instruments to measure engagement. Additionally, the bifactor model will be displayed and elaborated upon as a potentially useful model for disentangling some of the intricacies of engagement along with parsing the relationship with motivation. The Student Engagement Instrument (SEI) will be utilized throughout the chapter to highlight the specific methods and provide some guidance on potentially useful applications related to theoretical issues.