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Using the tool of two-scale convergence, we provide a rigorous mathematical setting for the homogenization result obtained by Fleck and Willis [J. Mech. Phys. Solids52 (2004) 1855–1888] concerning the effective plastic behaviour of a strain gradient composite material. Moreover, moving from deformation theory to flow theory, we prove a convergence result for the homogenization of quasistatic evolutions in the presence of isotropic linear hardening.