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Following the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), section III alternative model of personality disorder, much of the empirical attention has been directed toward testing the performance of Criterion B (ie, pathological traits). Much more recently, with the development of assessment tools related to Criterion A (ie, personality impairment), a burgeoning literature base is forming for it as well. A closer look at the Criterion A component, however, reveals disagreements around its structure, discriminant validity, ability to distinguish between personality-based and nonpersonality-based forms of psychopathology, overlap between the two criteria, and incremental validity. The goal of the current study (N= 365 undergraduates) was to test Criterion A in relation to both pathological personality traits, as specified in the DSM–5, and general personality traits, as some …