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This chapter gives an overview of research on individual performance. Individual performance is highly important for an organization as a whole and for the individuals working in it. Performance comprises both a behavioral and an outcome aspect. It is a multi-dimensional and dynamic concept. This chapter presents three perspectives on performance: an individual differences perspective with a focus on individual characteristics as sources for variation in performance; a situational perspective with a focus on situational aspects as facilitators and impediments for performance; and a performance regulation perspective with a focus on the performance process. The chapter describes how current changes in the nature of work such as the focus on continuous learning and proactivity, increase in team work, improved technology, and trends toward globalization have an impact on the performance concept and future performance research.