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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of functional materials having porous structures that show extraordinary specific surface areas, and tunable surface chemistry; hence, they hold great potential as photocatalysts. This review describes the fundamentals of MOFs and possible new research directions in the area of heterogeneous MOFs that can provide enhanced photocatalytic performance, especially for hydrogen production, degradation of emerging organic pollutants, and CO₂ reduction. The role of MOFs as multifunctional photocatalysts for light-stimulated organic reactions through an effective combination of metal/ligand/guest-based photocatalysts is discussed. Recent literature is discussed critically on the design and selection of materials, with possible directions to improve their catalytic properties. Furthermore, this comprehensive review systematically discusses the current developments of …