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In recent years, various facile and low-cost methods have been developed for the synthesis of advanced nanostructured photocatalytic materials. These catalysts are required to mitigate the energy crisis, environmental deterioration, including water and air pollution. Among the various semiconductors explored, recently novel classes of polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)-based heterogeneous photocatalysts have established much greater importance because of their unique physiochemical properties, large surface area, low price, and long service life, ease of synthesis, product scalability, controllable band gap properties, low toxicity, and high photocatalytic activity. The present comprehensive review focuses on recent achievements in a number of facile chemical synthesis methods for semiconducting polymeric carbon nitrides and their heterogeneous nanohybrids with various dopants, nanostructured …