Authors
V Ramanathan, F Li, MV Ramana, PS Praveen, D Kim, CE Corrigan, H Nguyen, Elizabeth A Stone, James J Schauer, GR Carmichael, Bhupesh Adhikary, SC Yoon
Publication date
2007/11/27
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume
112
Issue
D22
Description
The study uses satellite observations, global assimilated aerosol data sets, Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC) observatories, a Monte Carlo aerosol‐cloud‐radiation model and a regional chemical transport model (STEM‐2K) to characterize the spatial extent of brown clouds, regional and megacity ABC hot spots, chemical composition and the direct radiative forcing. It presents the first annual cycle of aerosol observations and forcing from the ABC observatories in the Indo‐Asia‐Pacific regions. East Asia, Indo‐Gangetic Plains, Indonesian region, southern Africa and the Amazon basin are the regional hot spots defined by the criteria that anthropogenic aerosol optical depths (AODs) should exceed 0.3 and absorbing AOD > 0.03. Over these hot spots, as well as in other polluted oceanic regions, the EC mass exceeds 0.5 μg m−3, the OC mass exceeds 2 μg m−3 and sulfate mass exceeds 10 μg m−3 from the surface to …
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